Which statement best describes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?

Which statement best describes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?

• A. Severe dehydration with high serum osmolality.
• B. Profound ketoacidosis.
• C. Hypoglycemia.
• D. Low serum osmolality.

Answer: (A)

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state presents with extreme hyperglycemia leading to marked osmotic diuresis and fluid loss, producing severe dehydration and an elevated serum osmolality. Some insulin is present, which suppresses ketone production, so ketosis and acidosis are minimal or absent, distinguishing it from diabetic ketoacidosis. The resulting dehydration and high osmolality are the defining features, making severe dehydration with high serum osmolality the best description.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state presents with extreme hyperglycemia leading to marked osmotic diuresis and fluid loss, producing severe dehydration and an elevated serum osmolality. Some insulin is present, which suppresses ketone production, so ketosis and acidosis are minimal or absent, distinguishing it from diabetic ketoacidosis. The resulting dehydration and high osmolality are the defining features, making severe dehydration with high serum osmolality the best description.